The Impact of Genetics on the Development of Heart Disease

Author(s):Oguz Akbilgic

Received: 2019-05-15 Accepted: 2019-06-11 Published: 2019-06-27

Abstract

Background: Heart disease remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. While lifestyle factors like diet, smoking, and exercise are well-known contributors, genetics plays a critical role in predisposition to heart disease. This review explores the genetic factors influencing heart disease, including monogenic disorders, polygenic risk scores, and gene-environment interactions.
Methods: A systematic review of studies published between 2010 and 2023 was conducted. Genetic contributions, including familial hypercholesterolemia, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and epigenetic modifications, were examined. The review also evaluated the role of genetic testing in risk stratification and personalized treatment.
Results: Numerous genetic variants associated with heart disease were identified, including mutations in the LDLR, PCSK9, and APOB genes. Polygenic risk scores combining multiple SNPs were effective in predicting risk in the general population. Gene-environment interactions, such as those between genetic predisposition and lifestyle factors, were found to significantly influence disease manifestation. Advances in genetic testing have enhanced early diagnosis and treatment planning.
Conclusion: Genetics plays a substantial role in the development of heart disease. Identifying high-risk individuals through genetic testing and understanding gene-environment interactions can improve prevention and management strategies. Integration of genetic insights into clinical practice has the potential to revolutionize cardiovascular care.

Keywords: Heart Disease, Genetics, Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Polygenic Risk, Epigenetics, Gene-Environment Interaction, Genetic Testing

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