Research Journal of
Medical Sciences
Research Journal of Medical Science
ISSN Print: 3078-2473, ISSN Online: 3078-2481
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A Study on Functional Outcome of Proximal Tibia Fractures (Schatzker Type 5 or 6) Treated with Bicondylar Plating
Proximal tibial fractures, particularly Schatzker type V and VI, represent complex intra-articular injuries often associated with significant soft tissue damage and functional impairment of the knee joint. This prospective study evaluates the functional outcome of bicondylar plating in the management of such fractures.
A total of 30 patients aged 18 years and above with proximal tibia fractures (Schatzker type V and VI) were included and followed for a period of 24 weeks. Functional outcomes were assessed using the Oxford Knee Score, while pain was evaluated using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Radiological union and range of motion were also documented.
The mean Oxford Knee Score improved from 22.8 preoperatively to 37.0 at 24 weeks. Pain scores decreased significantly from a mean VAS score of 7.25 preoperatively to 2.15 at final follow-up (p < 0.001). The average time to radiological union was approximately 12 weeks. Functional outcomes were graded as excellent in 30% of patients, good in 66%, and fair in 4%. Minor complications such as superficial infections and stiffness were observed in a few cases. Bicondylar plating provides stable fixation, promotes early mobilization, and yields favorable functional outcomes in complex proximal tibial fractures. It remains a reliable and effective surgical option for Schatzker type V and VI fractures.
Dr Somashekar, Dr Santosh Kumar k, Dr Kiran Kumar H.V, Dr Raghavendra J, Dr Amal S Plackiel, Dr Hassan Mubarak Khan
Proximal tibial fractures, particularly Schatzker type V and VI, represent complex intra-articular injuries often associated with significant soft tissue damage and functional impairment of the knee joint. This prospective study evaluates the functional outcome of bicondylar plating in the management of such fractures.
A total of 30 patients aged 18 years and above with proximal tibia fractures (Schatzker type V and VI) were included and followed for a period of 24 weeks. Functional outcomes were assessed using the Oxford Knee Score, while pain was evaluated using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Radiological union and range of motion were also documented.
The mean Oxford Knee Score improved from 22.8 preoperatively to 37.0 at 24 weeks. Pain scores decreased significantly from a mean VAS score of 7.25 preoperatively to 2.15 at final follow-up (p < 0.001). The average time to radiological union was approximately 12 weeks. Functional outcomes were graded as excellent in 30% of patients, good in 66%, and fair in 4%. Minor complications such as superficial infections and stiffness were observed in a few cases. Bicondylar plating provides stable fixation, promotes early mobilization, and yields favorable functional outcomes in complex proximal tibial fractures. It remains a reliable and effective surgical option for Schatzker type V and VI fractures.
ANTICANCER ACTIVITY OF SULFONAMIDES CONTAINING HETEROCYCLE COMPOUND SYNTHESIZED BY GREEN CHEMISTRY VIA SILVER NANOPARTICLES (GREEN NANOPARTICLES)- A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW
| In green chemistry, formulation of nanoparticles are using different natural sources such as plants, bacteria, micro-organisms, fungi, algae, etc. and synthesis of sulphonamides drugs using different conditions and sources such as under neat conditions, in an aqueous medium, PEG-400, green solvents, etc for the synthesis of sulphonamide and their derivatives. The synergistic effects of silver nanoparticles and sulphonamide derivatives in anti-cancer activity present a promising approach for improving cancer treatment outcomes. Their combined action offers advantages such as enhanced anticancer efficacy, reduced drug resistance, and minimized side effects. The combination of silver nanoparticles and sulfonamide drugs holds significant potential for improving anticancer therapies. Further investigations are required to optimize their dosages, explore suitable drug delivery systems, and evaluate their efficacy against different types of cancers. Additionally, understanding their mechanisms of action, investigating their interaction with tumour microenvironments, and exploring potential synergies with other anticancer agents will be vital for future advancements. However, further research is necessary to fully elucidate their optimal usage, evaluate their safety profiles, and translate these findings into effective clinical applications. |
Shiwani Jaiswal, Dr. Kumud Madan
DOI :
| In green chemistry, formulation of nanoparticles are using different natural sources such as plants, bacteria, micro-organisms, fungi, algae, etc. and synthesis of sulphonamides drugs using different conditions and sources such as under neat conditions, in an aqueous medium, PEG-400, green solvents, etc for the synthesis of sulphonamide and their derivatives. The synergistic effects of silver nanoparticles and sulphonamide derivatives in anti-cancer activity present a promising approach for improving cancer treatment outcomes. Their combined action offers advantages such as enhanced anticancer efficacy, reduced drug resistance, and minimized side effects. The combination of silver nanoparticles and sulfonamide drugs holds significant potential for improving anticancer therapies. Further investigations are required to optimize their dosages, explore suitable drug delivery systems, and evaluate their efficacy against different types of cancers. Additionally, understanding their mechanisms of action, investigating their interaction with tumour microenvironments, and exploring potential synergies with other anticancer agents will be vital for future advancements. However, further research is necessary to fully elucidate their optimal usage, evaluate their safety profiles, and translate these findings into effective clinical applications. |
ARTICLE REVIEW ON REGENERATIVE MEDICINE
| The replacement, restoration, or repair of damaged tissues is the focus of the multidisciplinary discipline of regenerative medicine. The necessity for reconstruction in patients with tissue damage from illnesses, trauma, and congenital abnormalities in both children and adults gave rise to this specialty. Through a range of techniques, including tissue engineering, cell-based therapies, and the creation of innovative medical devices, it seeks to restore the function of sick or injured tissues or organs. Because stem cells have a limitless capacity to divide, they are used by the body to regenerate and mend damaged tissue. A critical understanding of stem cell replacement is therefore necessary, as stem cell research is a promising topic with an enticing potential for therapeutic intervention. Knowing more about how an organism grows from a single cell and how healthy cells replace damaged cells in adult creatures is made possible by research on stem cells. Researchers looking into the potential of cell-based therapeutics to treat a range of chronic conditions are also being led by this exciting field of study. The facts regarding stem cells and their important significance in regenerative medicine is what we attempted to present in this review. |
ARTICLE REVIEW ON REGENERATIVE MEDICINE
Nimesh Agrawal, Saumya Srivastava, Sanch Srivastava, Navneet Kumar Verma
DOI :
| The replacement, restoration, or repair of damaged tissues is the focus of the multidisciplinary discipline of regenerative medicine. The necessity for reconstruction in patients with tissue damage from illnesses, trauma, and congenital abnormalities in both children and adults gave rise to this specialty. Through a range of techniques, including tissue engineering, cell-based therapies, and the creation of innovative medical devices, it seeks to restore the function of sick or injured tissues or organs. Because stem cells have a limitless capacity to divide, they are used by the body to regenerate and mend damaged tissue. A critical understanding of stem cell replacement is therefore necessary, as stem cell research is a promising topic with an enticing potential for therapeutic intervention. Knowing more about how an organism grows from a single cell and how healthy cells replace damaged cells in adult creatures is made possible by research on stem cells. Researchers looking into the potential of cell-based therapeutics to treat a range of chronic conditions are also being led by this exciting field of study. The facts regarding stem cells and their important significance in regenerative medicine is what we attempted to present in this review. |
MODERN APPROACH OF AI IN PHARMA PROFESSION
| The abstract also emphasizes how important contemporary formulation techniques are to resolving issues with drug solubility, stability, and bioavailability. It describes the goal of the project, which is to investigate the relevance of contemporary approaches in drug discovery, formulation, delivery systems, and customized medicine. These cutting-edge techniques have sped up the drug discovery process by facilitating quick target identification, lead optimization, and customized treatment plans. Furthermore, the combination of proteomics and genomics has made it easier to create customized treatments that address the needs of each patient individually, taking into account their genetic makeup and the features of their disease. Delivery technologies based on nanotechnology, such liposomes and nanoparticles, allow for tailored medication delivery to certain tissues, increasing therapeutic efficacy and reducing side effects. Furthermore, 3D printing technology and controlled-release formulations make it possible to tailor dosage forms to each patient's unique needs, which enhance therapy results and patient compliance. The abstract also recognizes the prospects and difficulties that lie ahead for pharmaceutics in implementing contemporary methods. |
MODERN APPROACH OF AI IN PHARMA PROFESSION
Uma Srivastava, Navneet Kumar Verma, Satya Prakash Singh
DOI :
| The abstract also emphasizes how important contemporary formulation techniques are to resolving issues with drug solubility, stability, and bioavailability. It describes the goal of the project, which is to investigate the relevance of contemporary approaches in drug discovery, formulation, delivery systems, and customized medicine. These cutting-edge techniques have sped up the drug discovery process by facilitating quick target identification, lead optimization, and customized treatment plans. Furthermore, the combination of proteomics and genomics has made it easier to create customized treatments that address the needs of each patient individually, taking into account their genetic makeup and the features of their disease. Delivery technologies based on nanotechnology, such liposomes and nanoparticles, allow for tailored medication delivery to certain tissues, increasing therapeutic efficacy and reducing side effects. Furthermore, 3D printing technology and controlled-release formulations make it possible to tailor dosage forms to each patient's unique needs, which enhance therapy results and patient compliance. The abstract also recognizes the prospects and difficulties that lie ahead for pharmaceutics in implementing contemporary methods. |
A BRIEF STUDY ON AYURVEDIC KWATH: A REVIEW
| In Ayurvedic system of medicine, Kwath is the most important and commonly utilised dosage form. It is one of Bhaishajya Kalpana's fundamental Panchvidh Kashaya Kalpanas. It serves as the foundation for other secondary dossage forms like Snehapaka, Sandhana Kalpana, Avleha, and so forth. Thus, Kwatha needs to be of standard quality in order to obtain good quality from this dosage form. It is crucial to focus on the pharmaceutical components of kwath, such as temperature, preparation vessel, water content, raw drug particle size, and heating time, in order to achieve high-quality results. To guarantee that these dosage forms are therapeutically relevant, it is critical to understand their basic principles and justifications while adapting to contemporary technology for suitable pharmaceutical and clinical use. Kwath or decoctions are one of the most popular traditional dosage forms. They include extracting a mixture of herbs in water and heating them to release their therapeutic qualities. Even though it has therapeutic benefits, its short shelf life shows low palatability and difficult preparation method mean that it is not used for long periods. This essay goes into great length about Kwatha, the herbal mixture, addressing both specific and in-depth classical material. A paradigm shift towards polyherbal formulations rather than the conventional approach of a single drug-based system has been observed recently in the pharmaceutical sector. The quality and efficacy of herbal medications have decreased due to rising demand. To ensure ongoing demand and therapeutic efficacy, suitable standardisation processes must be developed from the unfinished polyherbal mixtures to the raw medicines. However, there are differing views on how to standardise these home cures. Decoction, or kwath, is the basis of selfadministered herbal medicines in India. Herbal decoctions, which are usually brewed in water because most plant active components are soluble in it, are the basis for potent and effective Ayurvedic treatments. l of Ayurvedic Medicine, Vol 11 (2), 155-164 |
A BRIEF STUDY ON AYURVEDIC KWATH: A REVIEW
Shreya Maddesiya, Navneet Kumar Verma, Uma Srivastava
DOI :
| In Ayurvedic system of medicine, Kwath is the most important and commonly utilised dosage form. It is one of Bhaishajya Kalpana's fundamental Panchvidh Kashaya Kalpanas. It serves as the foundation for other secondary dossage forms like Snehapaka, Sandhana Kalpana, Avleha, and so forth. Thus, Kwatha needs to be of standard quality in order to obtain good quality from this dosage form. It is crucial to focus on the pharmaceutical components of kwath, such as temperature, preparation vessel, water content, raw drug particle size, and heating time, in order to achieve high-quality results. To guarantee that these dosage forms are therapeutically relevant, it is critical to understand their basic principles and justifications while adapting to contemporary technology for suitable pharmaceutical and clinical use. Kwath or decoctions are one of the most popular traditional dosage forms. They include extracting a mixture of herbs in water and heating them to release their therapeutic qualities. Even though it has therapeutic benefits, its short shelf life shows low palatability and difficult preparation method mean that it is not used for long periods. This essay goes into great length about Kwatha, the herbal mixture, addressing both specific and in-depth classical material. A paradigm shift towards polyherbal formulations rather than the conventional approach of a single drug-based system has been observed recently in the pharmaceutical sector. The quality and efficacy of herbal medications have decreased due to rising demand. To ensure ongoing demand and therapeutic efficacy, suitable standardisation processes must be developed from the unfinished polyherbal mixtures to the raw medicines. However, there are differing views on how to standardise these home cures. Decoction, or kwath, is the basis of selfadministered herbal medicines in India. Herbal decoctions, which are usually brewed in water because most plant active components are soluble in it, are the basis for potent and effective Ayurvedic treatments. l of Ayurvedic Medicine, Vol 11 (2), 155-164 |
BIOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE OF AYURVEDIC CHURNAS: A REVIEW
| The most basic and readily made type of Ayurvedic medication is called Churna. The churna that we are going to make should first be referenced to an acknowledged Ayurvedic text or the Indian Ayurvedic Formulary (AFI). With the invention of modern machinery, churna preparation has become a fairly simple task. Disintegrators wash, dry, and powder all of the necessary herbs at once. This procedure also makes use of mechanical shifters. Many herbal remedies that contain churnas are available on the market for a variety of illnesses, including both acute and chronic disorders. In order to assess the churnas in the regular quality concern, we tried to investigate general preparation and pharmacopoeial standards in this evaluation.Disintegrators cleaned, dried, and ground everything into a powder. This procedure also makes use of mechanical shifters. Many herbal remedies that contain churnas are available on the market for a variety of illnesses, including both acute and chronic disorders. In order to assess the churnas in the regular quality concern, we tried to investigate general preparation and pharmacopoeial standards in this evaluation. |
BIOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE OF AYURVEDIC CHURNAS: A REVIEW
Shreya Maddesiya, Navneet Kumar Verma, Uma Srivastava
DOI :
| The most basic and readily made type of Ayurvedic medication is called Churna. The churna that we are going to make should first be referenced to an acknowledged Ayurvedic text or the Indian Ayurvedic Formulary (AFI). With the invention of modern machinery, churna preparation has become a fairly simple task. Disintegrators wash, dry, and powder all of the necessary herbs at once. This procedure also makes use of mechanical shifters. Many herbal remedies that contain churnas are available on the market for a variety of illnesses, including both acute and chronic disorders. In order to assess the churnas in the regular quality concern, we tried to investigate general preparation and pharmacopoeial standards in this evaluation.Disintegrators cleaned, dried, and ground everything into a powder. This procedure also makes use of mechanical shifters. Many herbal remedies that contain churnas are available on the market for a variety of illnesses, including both acute and chronic disorders. In order to assess the churnas in the regular quality concern, we tried to investigate general preparation and pharmacopoeial standards in this evaluation. |
IMPORTANCE OF SURFACTANTS IN PHARMACEUTICAL PROPDUCT
| Understanding the creation, structure, and properties of emulsions is critical for developing and stabilising food structures. The rising use of surfactants has highlighted the need of discovering molecules with low toxicity and high surface activity qualities. The primary endpoints listed in the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) standards for food chemical hazard assessment receive a lot of attention. This critical analysis focuses on crucial factors such as acute toxicity, subacute repeated trials, allergies, reproductive toxicity, long-term research, and mutagenicity tests. This article focuses on the association structures of surfactants and food colloids. The huge number of conceivable combinations leads to very sophisticated internal microstructures that include a variety of assemblies such as dispersions, emulsions, foams, gels, and more. Low-mass surfactants have great mobility at the interface, which effectively reduces interfacial tension. Consequently, they rapidly coat the newly created oil-water contact during emulsification. This category highlights monoglycerides, lecithins, glycolipids, fatty alcohols, and fatty acids. In contrast, high-mass surfactants contain protein and carbohydrate groups. Protein molecules can interpenetrate the lipid phase to variable degrees, with specific binding being predominantly determined by electrostatic interactions. Saturation binding for anionic surfactants is pH-independent and appears to be controlled by cooperative hydrophobic interactions. Polysaccharides and small-molecule surfactants are the two most common types of amphiphilic compounds used for emulsion stabilisation |
IMPORTANCE OF SURFACTANTS IN PHARMACEUTICAL PROPDUCT
Navneet Gupta, Navneet Kumar Verma, Uma Srivastava
DOI :
| Understanding the creation, structure, and properties of emulsions is critical for developing and stabilising food structures. The rising use of surfactants has highlighted the need of discovering molecules with low toxicity and high surface activity qualities. The primary endpoints listed in the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) standards for food chemical hazard assessment receive a lot of attention. This critical analysis focuses on crucial factors such as acute toxicity, subacute repeated trials, allergies, reproductive toxicity, long-term research, and mutagenicity tests. This article focuses on the association structures of surfactants and food colloids. The huge number of conceivable combinations leads to very sophisticated internal microstructures that include a variety of assemblies such as dispersions, emulsions, foams, gels, and more. Low-mass surfactants have great mobility at the interface, which effectively reduces interfacial tension. Consequently, they rapidly coat the newly created oil-water contact during emulsification. This category highlights monoglycerides, lecithins, glycolipids, fatty alcohols, and fatty acids. In contrast, high-mass surfactants contain protein and carbohydrate groups. Protein molecules can interpenetrate the lipid phase to variable degrees, with specific binding being predominantly determined by electrostatic interactions. Saturation binding for anionic surfactants is pH-independent and appears to be controlled by cooperative hydrophobic interactions. Polysaccharides and small-molecule surfactants are the two most common types of amphiphilic compounds used for emulsion stabilisation |
OCULAR DRUG DELIVERY: AN APPROACH TO CURRENT MEDICATION
| Topical administration is the greatest alternative for ocular medicines since it activates rapidly, doesn't cause systemic toxicity, and requires fewer doses than systemic use. The inner workings of the eye must be reached by drugs applied topically, and trans corneal penetration is assumed to be the primary route for drug absorption. Corneal absorption happens significantly more slowly than elimination. The specific objective of therapeutic system design is to attain the optimal drug concentration at the active site for the appropriate duration of time. The main obstacle to long-term ocular treatment is the capacity to maintain a therapeutic dosage of medication at the site of action. The ocular absorption mode of elimination is significantly slower. For many years, scientists have been interested in the problem of effective topical administration. Their challenging goal is to ensure proper ocular penetration and extend the drug's residence period. Nanotechnology based carriers to ensnare both lipophilic and hydrophilic medicines, improve ocular permeability, prolong residence duration, stabilize pharmaceuticals and in vivo characterization techniques aid in the prediction of the generated nanocarriers' results. Clarifying the architecture of the eye, different ocular disorders, and barriers to ocular delivery are the goals of this review. |
OCULAR DRUG DELIVERY: AN APPROACH TO CURRENT MEDICATION
Gyan Chand, Asheesh Kumar Singh, Navneet Kumar Verma, Vikas Yadav, Hariom Srivastava
DOI :
| Topical administration is the greatest alternative for ocular medicines since it activates rapidly, doesn't cause systemic toxicity, and requires fewer doses than systemic use. The inner workings of the eye must be reached by drugs applied topically, and trans corneal penetration is assumed to be the primary route for drug absorption. Corneal absorption happens significantly more slowly than elimination. The specific objective of therapeutic system design is to attain the optimal drug concentration at the active site for the appropriate duration of time. The main obstacle to long-term ocular treatment is the capacity to maintain a therapeutic dosage of medication at the site of action. The ocular absorption mode of elimination is significantly slower. For many years, scientists have been interested in the problem of effective topical administration. Their challenging goal is to ensure proper ocular penetration and extend the drug's residence period. Nanotechnology based carriers to ensnare both lipophilic and hydrophilic medicines, improve ocular permeability, prolong residence duration, stabilize pharmaceuticals and in vivo characterization techniques aid in the prediction of the generated nanocarriers' results. Clarifying the architecture of the eye, different ocular disorders, and barriers to ocular delivery are the goals of this review. |
AN STUDY ON CYTOTOXICITY OF NANOPARTICLES
Prior to their application in medicine, nanoparticles must be biocompatible and non-toxic. Because they are so small, nanoparticles can enter the body fast and go through a number of different pathways to reach the organs that are intended to be their targets. A range of parameters, including as size, charge, shape, chemistry, and modifications, might influence a nanoparticle's cytotoxicity. In order to assess the toxicity of nanoparticles, this article provides a succinct overview of many in vitro cytotoxicity experiments. Nanoparticle cytotoxicity is a result of their higher surface area to volume ratio. Increased oxidative stress, cellular dysfunction, and ultimately cell death could result from this increased surface area to volume ratio. A wide variety of nanoparticles are covered in this review, including those that are most frequently utilized in biological research as well as those composed of metal and carbon.
AN STUDY ON CYTOTOXICITY OF NANOPARTICLES
Shipra Tripathi, Navneet Kumar Verma, Uma Srivastava
DOI :
Prior to their application in medicine, nanoparticles must be biocompatible and non-toxic. Because they are so small, nanoparticles can enter the body fast and go through a number of different pathways to reach the organs that are intended to be their targets. A range of parameters, including as size, charge, shape, chemistry, and modifications, might influence a nanoparticle's cytotoxicity. In order to assess the toxicity of nanoparticles, this article provides a succinct overview of many in vitro cytotoxicity experiments. Nanoparticle cytotoxicity is a result of their higher surface area to volume ratio. Increased oxidative stress, cellular dysfunction, and ultimately cell death could result from this increased surface area to volume ratio. A wide variety of nanoparticles are covered in this review, including those that are most frequently utilized in biological research as well as those composed of metal and carbon.
NUTRITIONAL VALUES AND PHARMACOLOGICAL EFFECT OF GUAVA (PSIDIUM GUAJAVA L.)
| The fruit crop guava (Psidium guajava L.) is widely employed in traditional medicine and diets throughout the tropical and subtropical regions. The scientific name for guava is Psidium guajava L., and it is a member of the Myrtaceae family. There are about 150 types of guava that grow worldwide, with the common guava, cattley guava, peer guava, and apple guava being the most popular. The world was anticipated to produce 500,000 metric tonnes of guavas, with significant production coming from South American nations including Brazil, Colombia, and Mexico.Based on its nutritional content, it is rich in specific elements including protein, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals that act as health boosters for the human body. A few of the commercial goods made with guava are guava pulp, guava leathers, guava juice and nectars, guava wine, guava dehydrated slices, and blended ready-to-serve beverages. Antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antiparasitic, antibacterial, wound-healing, and anticancer properties are among the pharmacological potentials of guava. |
NUTRITIONAL VALUES AND PHARMACOLOGICAL EFFECT OF GUAVA (PSIDIUM GUAJAVA L.)
Navneet Kumar Verma, Uma Srivastava, Neha Srivastava
DOI :
| The fruit crop guava (Psidium guajava L.) is widely employed in traditional medicine and diets throughout the tropical and subtropical regions. The scientific name for guava is Psidium guajava L., and it is a member of the Myrtaceae family. There are about 150 types of guava that grow worldwide, with the common guava, cattley guava, peer guava, and apple guava being the most popular. The world was anticipated to produce 500,000 metric tonnes of guavas, with significant production coming from South American nations including Brazil, Colombia, and Mexico.Based on its nutritional content, it is rich in specific elements including protein, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals that act as health boosters for the human body. A few of the commercial goods made with guava are guava pulp, guava leathers, guava juice and nectars, guava wine, guava dehydrated slices, and blended ready-to-serve beverages. Antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antiparasitic, antibacterial, wound-healing, and anticancer properties are among the pharmacological potentials of guava. |
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